Wednesday, December 8, 2021

Dark Conspiracy: Retro Rockets

 In the Dark Conspiracy Facebook group, it was mentioned that there weren't enough rockets for some peoples' tastes. To help with this, I volunteered to pull together everything I could find that flew around the time of the game's setting, either with its last flight later than 1985 or its first flight earlier than 1995. I limited myself to rockets that could potentially launch at least a minimal Gemini-sized capsule, around 3.2 tonnes. 

For most of these rockets, the tonnes to each orbit were calculated by taking their published payload to LEO, then using the formulas in Dark Conspiracy to calculate the other orbits. The exception are the Ariane rockets, which were used almost exclusively for GEO launches. Their payload numbers were based on starting with the GEO numbers and then applying the appropriate DC formula. Costs were taken from whatever data was available and then converted to 1991 dollars using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' inflation calculator. The only exception is the Soyuz-U2, for which I could not find numbers. I made it slightly more expensive than the Soyuz-U because of its use of the pricey synthetic kerosene syntin.

Each rocket's name is a link to its Wikipedia page for those wanting more information. 

China: It may be worth noting in passing that China's rockets were considered for commercial launches from the loss of Challenger in 1986 up until ITAR violations around the failure analysis of the Apstar 2 Long March 2E and Intelsat 708 Long March 3B in 1995 and 1996 respectively led to satellites with US technology being returned to the Munitions List and prohibited from launching on Chinese rockets. In a DC parallel timeline, these events may not have happened and Chinese rockets may see more commercial use. Chinese rockets at this time are generally unreliable when compared to modern Chinese rockets or most contemporary non-Chinese rockets and, like the Zenit, should be treated as poorly maintained.

Ariane: These are ESA rockets, which technically is not the same group of countries as the EU. I simplified a bit. Anyone wanting more accuracy can pull a list of ESA-participating countries.

For all of the rockets, Reentry, Transfer, Crew, and Duration are 0.

Rocket Country Size LEO GEO Moon Mars Launch Cost (1991, M$) M$/tonne
Long March 2C China 2 3.85 1.54 1.39 0.62 2 20.5 5.32
Long March 2D China 2 3.5 1.4 1.26 0.56 2 15.5 4.43
Long March 2E China 2 9.5 3.8 3.42 1.52 2 41 4.32
Long March 3 China 2 5 2 1.80 0.80 2 37.4 7.48
Long March 3A China 2 8.5 3.4 3.06 1.36 2 41 4.82
Long March 4A China 2 4 1.6 1.44 0.64 2 38.25 9.56
Ariane 2 EU 2 5.44 2.175 1.96 0.87 2 51.5 9.47
Ariane 3 EU 2 6.75 2.7 2.43 1.08 2 51.5 7.63
Ariane 4 40 EU 3 5.43 2.17 1.95 0.87 2 65 11.98
Ariane 4 42P EU 3 7.23 2.89 2.60 1.16 2 67 9.27
Ariane 4 44P EU 3 8.68 3.47 3.12 1.39 2 70 8.07
Ariane 4 42L EU 3 8.98 3.59 3.23 1.44 2 90 10.03
Ariane 4 44LP EU 3 10.73 4.29 3.86 1.72 2 95 8.86
Ariane 4 44L EU 3 11.98 4.79 4.31 1.92 2 115 9.60
H-II Japan 2 10 4 3.60 1.60 2 175 17.50
Atlas I USA 2 3.6 1.44 1.30 0.58 2 65 18.06
Atlas II USA 2 6.6 2.64 2.38 1.06 2 78.25 11.86
Atlas IIA USA 2 7.3 2.92 2.63 1.17 2 82.86 11.35
Atlas IIAS USA 2 8.6 3.44 3.10 1.38 2 96.67 11.24
Commercial Titan 3 USA 2 14.5 5.8 5.22 2.32 2 133 9.17
Delta 4925 USA 1 3.4 1.36 1.22 0.54 2 43.91 12.91
Delta 5920 USA 1 3.8 1.52 1.37 0.61 2 43.66 11.49
Delta II 6920 USA 1 4 1.6 1.44 0.64 2 44.42 11.11
Titan 34D USA 2 14.5 5.8 5.22 2.32 2 191 13.17
Titan II(23)G USA 1 3.6 1.44 1.30 0.58 2 41 11.39
Titan IIIB USA 2 3.3 1.32 1.19 0.53 2 31.82 9.64
Titan IVA USA 3 17.7 7.08 6.37 2.83 2 75.6 4.27
Energia USSR 4 88 35.2 31.68 14.08 2 975 11.08
Proton-K USSR 2 19.75 7.9 7.11 3.16 2 46 2.33
Soyuz-U USSR 2 7.2 2.88 2.59 1.15 2 32.8 4.56
Soyuz-U2 USSR 1 7 2.8 2.52 1.12 2 40 5.71
Zenit-2 USSR 3 13.74 5.496 4.95 2.20 2 41.4 3.01

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