Sunday, December 2, 2018

The obscure firearms of World War I

In war, every country works on developing new weapons. Below are some that didn't see significant service, either because they were weird (the Thorneycroft), expensive (the Meunier), awkward (the Chauchat-Ribeyrolles), uncomfortable to use (the MARS), or just too late to enter service (the Annihilator, the MG 18 TuF, the RSC 1918). None of these would have significant use in a simulation of the war, but might be useful for games where the war lasts longer.

Note that the table below uses standard T2K Penetration rather than my modified table.

Nation Type Name Caliber Wt. Mag ROF Dam Pen Blk SS Brst Rng
USA Submachinegun Annihilator .45 ACP 4.9 kg 20 or 50 5 2 1-Nil 5 2 5 85
France Rifle RSC 1917* 8mm Lebel 5.25 kg 5c(5) SA 4 2-3-Nil 9 4 N/A 136
France Rifle RSC 1918** 8mm Lebel 4.80 kg 5c(5) SA 4 2-3-Nil 7 4 N/A 95
Germany Machinegun MG 18 TuF*** 13.2x92mm TuF 37 kg (+86 kg tripod) 75B or 50 5 9 2-3-4 11 5 11 (3 on tripod) 211
Britain Rifle Thorneycroft Bullpup Carbine .303 British 3.36 kg 5c(5) BA 4 2-3-Nil 7 5 N/A 95
France Automatic Rifle Ribeyrolles 1918 8x35mm Winchester-Lebel 5.1 kg 25 5 2 1-Nil 7 1 2 73
USA Automatic Rifle Burton 1917 LMR .345 WSL 4.5 kg 20+20 5 2 1-Nil 8 2 5 81
Canada Automatic Rifle Huot Automatic Rifle**** .303 British 5.9 kg 25c(25) 5 4 2-3-Nil 8 N/A 5 (3 rds) or 9 (5 rds) 94
France Rifle Meunier A6 7x59mm Meunier 4.0 kg 5c(5) SA 4 2-3-Nil 9 4 N/A 92
France Submachinegun Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 8mm Lebel 4.0 kg 20 5 3 2-Nil 4 4 10 17
Germany Rifle Luger 1906 7.92x57mm Mauser 4.4 kg 5c(5) SA 4 2-3-Nil 8 4 N/A 107
Britain Handgun MARS 9mm 9mm MARS 1.4 kg 10 SA 3 1-Nil 2 6 N/A 18
China Rifle General Liu Rifle 7.92x57mm Mauser 4.7 kg 6c(6) SA 4 2-3-Nil 8 4 N/A 99
Britain Rifle Howell Automatic Rifle .303 British 5.0 kg 10c(5) or 20c(5) SA 4 2-3-Nil 8 4 N/A 94
* - the RSC 1917 uses a unique clip shared by no other weapon.
** - the RSC 1918 uses the same clip as Berthier rifles.
*** - double range on tripod. Box magazine intended for aviation use.
**** - the Huot only fires in automatic mode, but its slow rate of fire means a user can do 3-round bursts

The Annihilator was a prototype of what became the Thompson. They were about to be shipped to Europe when the war ended.

The RSC 1917 and RSC 1918 were semi-automatic rifles intended to replace the tube-loading Lebels and the older Berthiers that had 3-round magazines. Quite heavy, they were never adopted due to the end of the war.

The MG 18 TuF was a heavy machinegun using the same round as the T-Gewehr anti-tank rifle. Only a handful were built and only two are known to survive.

The Thorneycroft Bullpup Carbine was an early 20th-century attempt to shorten a service rifle by having a bolt-action bullpup. The magazine well slanted into the semi-pistol grip, which coincidentally eliminated any possibility of rimlock. They were rejected for being less accurate and having heavier recoil than the SMLE.

The Ribeyrolles 1918 was a very light machine gun / automatic rifle in the same vein as the Chauchat or BAR. The ammunition was made from a .351 Winchester case and 8mm Lebel bullet, hence my labeling it as Winchester-Lebel.

The Burton 1917 Light Machine Rifle is another of the automatic rifles. This one is unique in having a pair of 20-round magazines feeding from above, forming a V-shape that the shooter looks between when firing. Only one magazine feeds at a time, and it takes an action to switch between magazines. It was intended for aviation use, but was obsoleted before entering service when Lewis gun production caught up to shortages.

The Huot was an attempt to convert Ross rifles into light machine guns. A gas piston would work the bolt and feed ammunition from a drum magazine. It had no provision for semi-automatic fire, but did have a very slow firing rate. The drum magazine was filled from a long clip. The war ended before it could enter service.

The Meunier A6 was supposed to replace the Lebel just before war broke out. The rifle's form had been selected in 1910 and the final ammunition picked in 1913, just in time to not be tooled up in 1914. Only around 1,000 were built, since it was decided that switching to a new rifle and new ammunition in the middle of a war was a bad idea.

The Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 is an awkward firearm to classify. It's long, awkward, and heavy for a submachinegun, but the lack of a stock means it suffers severe recoil from firing the full-size 8mm Lebel cartridge from a Chauchat magazine. It was a very early Personal Defense Weapon intended for tank crews.

The Luger 1906 is a toggle-lock rifle firing military Mauser ammunition. One prototype survives, serial number 4.

MARS pistols were very early and VERY large self-loading pistols. With barrels nearly twice the length of an M1911 and proportionately sized everything else, they're big. The 9mm ammunition is bottlenecked and is an extremely hot load for the time. When tested, the shooters went through one round of trials and refused to fire the gun again.

The General Liu Rifle isn't an official name, but it was a rifle designed by (surprise) General Liu. He had observed combat in World War 1 and felt China needed to modernize its army and produce its own arms. Because he was concerned about poor quality control, he designed a rifle that was semi-automatic, but could have its barrel band rotated to cut off the gas system and convert it to a bolt-action. This isn't modeled in its stats, but is interesting. Unfortunately, the General suffered a stroke while the machinery was in transit to China and was unable to push his rifle into production.

The Howell Automatic Rifle is a semi-automatic conversion of the SMLE. It used a gas trap and a curved cam to work the bolt in a system described by Ian McCollum as "a total kludge." At least one surviving rifle has a 20-round magazine, and they could presumably also use the SMLE's standard 10-round magazine.

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